The advanced imaging modalities currently available in equine practice are magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. First-line imaging modalities such as radiography and ultrasonography generate 2-dimensional images, whereas advanced imaging modalities show anatomy in multiple planes and can provide functional information on an injured area. In equine practice, a lame or poorly performing horse is a common diagnostic challenge. For equine athletes, advanced imaging is critical to detect an injury, make an accurate diagnosis, and target treatment. Because of recent developments, advanced imaging in a standing, sedated horse is now feasible, which allows for minimal disruption to athletic training and avoidance of general anesthesia.<\/p>\n
Take-Home Points<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/div><\/div><\/p>\n The mainstays of diagnostic imaging in equine <\/span>practice remain radiography and ultrasonography. However, these modalities generate 2-dimensional images of complex 3-dimensional structures, where superimposition of anatomic structures may limit or prevent accurate interpretation. If radiographic and\/or ultrasonographic findings are equivocal and\/or fail to provide a definitive diagnosis that aligns with a horse\u2019s clinical signs, or in cases in which <\/span>a disease process requires further characterization, advanced imaging modalities can be used to garner additional information. The term \u201cadvanced imaging\u201d has typically been used to describe modalities that create cross-sectional images (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], computed tomography [CT]). In addition, nuclear medicine modalities, in particular positron emission tomography (PET), may be considered under the umbrella term \u201cadvanced imaging.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n As technology continues to develop, the advanced imaging options for equine patients continue to improve. MRI and CT can be performed with the patient either standing sedated or recumbent under general anesthesia. The imaging system used is often dictated by practical considerations such as geographic availability, as well as the specific advantages and disadvantages of each method.<\/span><\/p>\n One of the most common challenges in equine practice is diagnosing lameness or poor performance in a horse. The patient\u2019s large size necessitates regional localization of the suspected injury to target imaging appropriately.1<\/sup> Often, an accurate diagnosis requires imaging of the distal limb, where injury is common. Much of the complex anatomy is contained within the hoof capsule, where the capacity of ultrasonography is reduced. Thus, advanced imaging is often required for an accurate diagnosis of injury.<\/span><\/p>\n MRI provides high-contrast resolution for soft tissue structures such as those within the foot (<\/span>FIGURE 1<\/b><\/span>). MRI is the ideal modality when an injury has been localized to a region (often the foot), no abnormalities were detected on first-line imaging (radiography and ultrasonography), and a soft tissue injury is suspected.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
Magnetic Resonance Imaging<\/h2>\n
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