{"id":13976,"date":"2018-01-16T21:01:24","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T21:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phosdev.com\/todaysveterinarypractice\/?p=13976"},"modified":"2022-06-22T14:17:47","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T14:17:47","slug":"focus-on-leptospirosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/navc.sitepreview.app\/todaysveterinarypractice.com\/infectious-disease\/focus-on-leptospirosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Leptospirosis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that is of importance in human and veterinary medicine due to its zoonotic potential.1,2<\/sup>\u00a0 With early and aggressive treatment that includes attentive monitoring, prognosis for recovery is excellent. Here is one case report.<\/p>\n

A 1-year-old, castrated male miniature dachshund was presented for an acute onset of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting.<\/p>\n

History<\/h2>\n

The patient was evaluated upon referral for a 48-hour history of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. He was also noticeably polyuric and polydipsic during the 48 hours prior to presentation.<\/p>\n

He was reported to be housed predominantly indoors and lived with one other dog, a Yorkshire terrier, who was unaffected. He had no history of prior illness and had received his complete series of puppy core vaccinations (distemper virus, parvovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza series; and rabies initial vaccine). He had not yet received his first adult boosters.<\/p>\n

Physical Examination and Diagnostics<\/h3>\n

On original presentation to the referring veterinarian, the patient was depressed, weighed 3.0 kg, was assessed to be 5% to 7% dehydrated, and was febrile (102.8\u00b0F). A complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemical profile were performed (TABLE 1<\/strong>). His urine specific gravity (USG) before fluid therapy was 1.012.<\/p>\n

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Initial Therapy<\/h3>\n

The patient was administered 50% dextrose and Nutri- Cal (vetoquinolusa.com<\/a>) orally. He was hospitalized for 8 hours and received IV fluid therapy, maropitant, famotidine, and ampicillin. He was sent home with sucralfate, famotidine, and instructions to feed a bland diet. When his lethargy and anorexia continued into the following day, referral was recommended.<\/p>\n

Physical Examination and Initial Diagnostics<\/h3>\n

On presentation, the patient was quiet and alert, adequately hydrated, weighed 3.18 kg, and was in adequate body condition (BCS 5\/9). His rectal temperature was elevated (102.7\u00b0F). He appeared painful on palpation of his abdomen, and his kidneys were subjectively enlarged. The remainder of his physical examination revealed no abnormalities.<\/p>\n

A CBC, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis were performed (TABLE 2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

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Differential Diagnosis<\/h2>\n

Based on the patient\u2019s signalment, history, physical examination, and initial blood work results, the primary differentials for renal azotemia with concurrent inflammatory leukogram included:<\/p>\n