{"id":1050,"date":"2014-05-01T01:09:14","date_gmt":"2014-05-01T01:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phosdev.com\/todaysveterinarypractice\/?p=1050"},"modified":"2022-10-06T13:38:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T13:38:33","slug":"disorders-of-dental-hard-tissues-in-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/navc.sitepreview.app\/todaysveterinarypractice.com\/dentistry\/disorders-of-dental-hard-tissues-in-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"Disorders of Dental Hard Tissues in Dogs"},"content":{"rendered":"

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ENAMEL HYPOCALCIFICATION\/HYPOPLASIA<\/span>1-4<\/sup><\/h2>\n

Enamel is a very thin (< 1 mm) material on the surface of the tooth crown. Ameloblast cells initiate enamel formation, and are only present during this process.5,6<\/sup> Enamel is created prior to tooth eruption and cannot be naturally repaired after teeth erupt.<\/p>\n

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PERTINENT TOOTH ANATOMY6,12<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

ENAMEL<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

The tooth crown is protected by a thin shell of enamel. Enamel thickness in cats and dogs varies from approximately 0.1 mm to 1 mm.16<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

PULP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/strong><\/span>ooth pulp is a soft tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves (sensory only), and other types of cells, including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes. Blood enters the tooth through the apical delta, along with the nerve bundles.<\/p>\n

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Figure. Medical illustration of a maxillary canine in a dog<\/p><\/div>\n

DENTIN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dentin is arranged in tubules\u2014these extend from the pulp to either the area where dentin and enamel meet (dentinoenamel junction) or the root where cementum and enamel meet (cementoenamel junction).<\/p>\n

Dentinal tubules are filled with fluid and odontoblastic tendrils, which are cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts. These tubules are major pathways for diffusion of material across dentin\u2014a concept known as dentin permeability<\/em>.1<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

DENTIN\u2013PULP COMPLEX<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Due to the interdependent relationship between pulp and dentin, these two tissues are best considered as one entity: the dentin\u2013pulp complex. Pulp and dentin function as one unit because odontoblasts, which line the pulp cavity wall, project their extensions into dentin. Also, odontoblasts are responsible for formation of dentin. In turn, pulp tissue is dependent on dentin for protection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Causes & Development<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hypoplasia\/hypocalcification results from disruption of normal enamel development.7,8<\/sup><\/p>\n