
Pharmacology
Use of Antibiotics for Treating UTIs in Dogs and Cats
Understanding drug PK/PD and potential alterations in the animalās metabolism/excretion of the drug can help increase the likelihood of successful treatment.
Pain Management
Canine and Feline Pain Management: Expert Insight into Practitionersā Top Questions
Pain management in dogs and cats can be challenging because clinicians often have to rely on the observations of owners to determine whether a prescribed analgesic is having a positive effect on the pet.
Cardiology
Beyond Furosemide: The Role of Diuretics in Congestive Heart Failure Part 2 – Spironolactone
A look at spironolactone as a critical component of the pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure.

Pharmacology
Oral Cyclosporine Use in Dogs
In dogs, cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used to treat a variety of diseases. Significant variations in absorption and clinical efficacy can be seen between patients.
Endocrinology
Methimazole: Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism
David Bruyette, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Internal Medicine) VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital & Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation and Consultation Methimazole (oral and transdermal) is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism.

Pharmacology
Fundamentals for Today’s Insulin Therapy
Michael Schaer, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM & ACVECC & Thomas Schermerhorn, VMD, Diplomate ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine) The veterinary profession has had to adjust the treatment of the diabetic patient due to changes in insulin production and availability.



