Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hypokalemic Patient
Patients with severe hypokalemia suffer from generalized muscle weakness; in cats, cervical ventroflexion may be noted.
Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hyperkalemic Patient
Resuscitative and/or replacement fluids should be provided to any patient with hyperkalemia and a fluid deficit.
Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hyponatremic Patient
Hyponatremia is is defined as an excess of water in relation to serum sodium concentrations in the body. A thorough history is important in assessing hyponatremic patients as the details could impact the preferred treatment option.
Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hypernatremic Patient
Hypernatremia reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium or the addition of sodium in excess of water.
Internal Medicine
Canine Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is an uncommon disease in dogs that can evade diagnosis and can mimic other conditions.
Internal Medicine
Approaches to Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Small Animals
Although the prognosis of fungal infections is guarded to poor, a multimodal and aggressive approach can yield some positive results.
Internal Medicine
Improving Patient Outcomes Through Antibiotic Stewardship
Antibiotic stewardship is good medicine. Veterinarians and clients should continue to work toward producing a positive clinical outcome while simultaneously minimizing the promotion of antibiotic resistance.Â
Internal Medicine
Essential to Every Cell: Cobalamin in Health and Disease
Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin used by every cell in the body, thus is required for maintenance of normal physiologic functions. Given cobalamin’s essential role in health, it follows that cobalamin-deficient states, or hypocobalaminemia, can contribute to disease pathophysiology.